Stimulated by Dunning et al 2025.[1] Figure 1 from the paper... or you wouldn't have believed me. EDN – electrical dry needlingOAK – OA kneeOA – osteoarthritisIF – impact factorPEDN – periosteal electrical dry needlingPIEDN – periosteal and intra-articular electrical dry needlingEA – electroacupunctureWMA – Western medical acupunctureTENS – transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulationSAE – serious … Continue reading EDN in OAK 2025
Inspired by Jiang et al 2025.[1] Hugo Pinto demonstrating a protocol for rehabilitation of acute ankle injuries on a boat travelling up the Douro River from Porto. In the BMAS, we refer to this fondly as the 'BMAS Boat Trip'. It was oversubscribed and the day before the BMAS Autumn Scientific Meeting in September 2013. … Continue reading EA for AOA
Inspired by Sun et al 2024.[1] Photo by Dendy on Unsplash – Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. OA – osteoarthritisOAK – OA of the kneeMA – manual acupunctureEA – electroacupunctureWA – warm acupunctureMM – mild moxibustionSA – sham acupunctureVAS – visual analogue scaleWOMAC – Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA indexBMI – body mass indexARC – Acupuncture … Continue reading Acupuncture techniques for OAK
Inspired by Liu et al 2024.[1] Image from HVAC photoshoot 2012.[6] EA – electroacupunctureOA – osteoarthritisOAK – OA of the kneeSR – systematic reviewNICE – the National Institute for Health and Care ExcellenceHVAC – high volume acupuncture clinicRoB – risk of biasNSAIDs – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsIPDM – individual patient data meta-analysisGRADE – Grading of Recommendations, … Continue reading EA for OAK 2024
Inspired by Zhao et al 2024.[1] RCT – randomised controlled trialPPT – pressure pain thresholdVAS – visual analogue scaleMCID – minimal clinically important difference – key to acronyms I reviewed this paper for Annals of Internal Medicine in September last year. It is a large 4 arm RCT (n=716) from a well-known group in Chengdu. … Continue reading Acupuncture for chronic neck pain 2024
Stimulated by Bateman et al 2024.[1] This is a section from the BMAS TrP chart with referral patterns relevant to the topic of this blog. MSK – musculoskeletalLS – lumbosacralIF – impact factorLBP – low back painDRG – dorsal root ganglionNCS – nerve conduction studiesEMG – electromyographyOA – osteoarthritisFAI – femoroacetabular impingementQL – quadratus lumborumICT … Continue reading MSK mimics of LS radiculopathy
Stimulated by Astini & Riberto 2023.[1] OA hip protocols – the protocol from Astini & Riberto 2023 is on the left. On the right is the periosteal protocol currently taught by the BMAS. There is a video demonstration in a previous blog: Periosteal techniques 1963-2018. OA – osteoarthritisVAS – visual analogue scoreWOMAC – Western Ontario … Continue reading Acupuncture for severe hip OA 2023
Stimulated by Lee et al 2023.[1] Photo by Iai_man_nung on Unsplash. NMA – network meta-analysisRCT – randomised controlled trialOAK – osteoarthritis of the kneeMA – manual acupunctureEA – electroacupunctureSMD – standardised mean differenceMCID – minimum clinically important differenceNICE – National Institute for Health and Care Excellence key to acronyms I first wrote about this on … Continue reading Sham devices impede real acupuncture 2023
...does it make any difference? Inspired by Liu et al 2022.[1] Some interesting looking structures in Chengdu, Sichuan, China. TePs – tender pointsOA – osteoarthritisOAK – osteoarthritis of the kneeAPs – acupuncture pointsTrPs – trigger pointsEA – electroacupuncturekey to acronyms This is a large clinical trial (n=666) from Chengdu that compares different acupuncture approaches to … Continue reading Needling TePs in OAK
Inspired by Bandak et al 2022.[1] IA – intra-articularOA – osteoarthritisOAK – OA kneeGLA:D – Good Life with osteoArthritis in DenmarkUS – ultrasoundKOOS – Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome ScoreSMD – standardised mean difference (a measure of effect size used in meta-analyses)EA – electroacupunctureMCID – minimum clinically important differencekey to acronyms I am very grateful … Continue reading Exercise vs IA saline in OAK
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